Primary-source citation manifest
Every rule on this site traces to a cited source. Across 51 jurisdictions plus the federal rule, 26 carry one or more fields we could not yet primary-source-confirm — each is flagged below rather than hidden.
We prefer Tier-1 sources — a state’s own legislature or judicial branch, and the Cornell Legal Information Institute for the federal rule. Where a Tier-1 page was unreachable or JavaScript-gated, we cite a reputable Tier-2 mirror (Justia, FindLaw, ServeNow, or the Uniform Law Commission) as a cross-check and flag the row as unverified so it can be re-confirmed. We do not present a Tier-2 mirror as if it were the primary citation.
Federal (United States courts)
verified June 16, 2026Fed. R. Civ. P. 4
Alabama
verified June 16, 2026Ala. R. Civ. P. 4
UIDDA: Ala. Code §§ 12-21-400 to 12-21-407
Alaska
verified June 16, 2026Alaska R. Civ. P. 4
UIDDA: Alaska R. Civ. P. 45.1 (Interstate Depositions and Discovery), eff. Oct. 15, 2015
Alaska Rules of Civil Procedure (official PDF, Rule 4) ServeNow — Alaska process serving rules (licensing; 120-day deadline)Unverified: uiddaCitation (Civil Rule 45.1 better-supported than alternative AS 09.65.450; not confirmed against primary .gov text)
Arizona
verified June 16, 2026Ariz. R. Civ. P. 4
UIDDA: Ariz. R. Civ. P. 45.1 (eff. Jan. 1, 2013)
Arkansas
verified June 16, 2026Ark. R. Civ. P. 4
UIDDA: Ark. R. Civ. P. 45.1 (eff. Jan. 1, 2018)
Unverified: rule4Url (secondary index — official ARCP Rule 4 full text on arcourts.gov not directly fetched; rule cite confirmed via secondary sources)
California
verified June 16, 2026Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 415.10 (personal service); § 414.10 (who may serve)
UIDDA: Cal. Code Civ. Proc. §§ 2029.100–2029.900
Colorado
verified June 16, 2026Colo. R. Civ. P. 4 (C.R.C.P. 4)
UIDDA: Colo. Rev. Stat. §§ 13-90.5-101 to 13-90.5-107
Connecticut
verified June 16, 2026CGS § 52-50 (persons to whom process directed); §§ 52-46, 52-46a, 52-48 — Chapter 896
UIDDA: CGS §§ 52-655 to 52-660 (CT Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act; P.A. 22-26, eff. July 1, 2023)
Delaware
verified June 16, 2026Del. Super. Ct. Civ. R. 4 (Process)
UIDDA: 10 Del. C. § 4311 et seq. (Delaware UIDDA), enacted 2011
Florida
verified June 16, 2026Fla. Stat. § 48.031 (service generally); § 48.27 (certified process servers)
UIDDA: Fla. Stat. § 92.251 (eff. July 1, 2019)
Georgia
verified June 16, 2026O.C.G.A. § 9-11-4 (with § 9-11-4.1 for certified process servers)
UIDDA: O.C.G.A. § 24-13-110 et seq. (eff. Jan. 1, 2013)
O.C.G.A. § 9-11-4, Process — Justia (cross-check) O.C.G.A. § 9-11-4.1, Certified process servers — Justia Georgia Certified Process Server Program — georgiacourts.govUnverified: rule4Url (Justia mirror used; official Georgia Code/LexisNexis portal not separately fetched)
Hawaii
verified June 16, 2026Haw. R. Civ. P. (HRCP) Rule 4; see also HRS § 634-21
UIDDA: Haw. Rev. Stat. ch. 624D (UIDDA), eff. 2012
Idaho
verified June 16, 2026Idaho R. Civ. P. 4
UIDDA: Idaho R. Civ. P. 45(j) (UIDDA)
Idaho Supreme Court — I.R.C.P. 4 (Summons / Service) Idaho Supreme Court — I.R.C.P. 45 (Subpoenas; UIDDA at 45(j))Unverified: uiddaCitation (Rule 45(j) confirmed via Idaho SC search results + legal sources; live page body did not fully render for verbatim quote)
Illinois
verified June 16, 2026735 ILCS 5/2-202 (with Ill. Sup. Ct. R. 102 on manner of service)
UIDDA: 735 ILCS 35/1 et seq. (eff. Jan. 1, 2016, P.A. 99-79)
735 ILCS 5/2-202 (persons authorized to serve) — FindLaw Ill. Sup. Ct. R. 103 — illinoiscourts.gov PDF 735 ILCS 35 (UIDDA) — JustiaUnverified: rule4Url (ILGA index page; statute text verified via FindLaw mirror)
Indiana
verified June 16, 2026Ind. R. Trial P. 4 (with 4.1, 4.12, 4.13)
UIDDA: Ind. Code § 34-44.5-1-1 et seq. (adopted 2010)
Unverified: daysToServe (no fixed numeric deadline in the rule text)
Iowa
verified June 16, 2026Iowa R. Civ. P. 1.301–1.315 (esp. 1.302 Original notice; 1.305 Personal service)
UIDDA: Iowa R. Civ. P. 1.1701–1.1708 (eff. Feb. 4, 2013)
Iowa Court Rules Chapter 1 (official PDF) Iowa R. Civ. P. 1.302 — original notice; service (official PDF)Unverified: uiddaCitation (rule number 1.1702 confirmed via supplementary sources, not re-read from the official PDF)
Kansas
verified June 16, 2026K.S.A. 60-303 (methods); see 60-304 (on whom) and 60-203 (commencement / time to serve)
UIDDA: K.S.A. 60-228a (UIDDA)
Kentucky
verified June 16, 2026Ky. R. Civ. P. (CR) 4
UIDDA: Ky. Rev. Stat. § 421.360 (UIDDA, adopted 2008)
Kentucky Court of Justice eCourts — service methods (official) Ky. Rev. Stat. § 421.360 — UIDDA (Kentucky Legislature, official)Unverified: daysToServe (no fixed numeric deadline in CR 4)
Louisiana
verified June 16, 2026La. C.C.P. art. 1201 et seq.
UIDDA: La. R.S. 13:3825 (Louisiana UIDDA, enacted 2014; within R.S. 13:3821 et seq.)
Maine
verified June 16, 2026Me. R. Civ. P. 4 (Process); Rule 3 (Commencement)
UIDDA: 14 M.R.S. ch. 15 (UIDDA), enacted by P.L. 2019, ch. 109
Maryland
verified June 16, 2026Md. Rule 2-121 (service of process); Md. Rule 2-124 (persons to be served)
UIDDA: Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. §§ 9-401 to 9-407 (eff. Oct. 1, 2010)
Maryland Service of Process FAQ (Maryland Judiciary People's Law Library) Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. Title 9, Subtitle 4 — Maryland UIDDA (Justia)Unverified: rule4Url (Maryland Judiciary self-help portal; underlying Md. Rules text not directly fetched)
Massachusetts
verified June 16, 2026Mass. R. Civ. P. 4
Michigan
verified June 16, 2026Mich. Ct. R. 2.105 (manner of service); MCR 2.103 (who may serve); MCR 2.102 (summons expiration)
UIDDA: MCR 2.305(E); Mich. Comp. Laws § 600.2201 et seq., eff. Sept. 1, 2012
MCR 2.102 (summons expiration) — michigancourtrules.org Service of Process benchbook — Michigan CourtsUnverified: rule4Url (official courts.michigan.gov MCR 2.105 deep link not directly fetched; content cross-checked via benchbook + michigancourtrules.org)
Minnesota
verified June 16, 2026Minn. R. Civ. P. 4
UIDDA: Minn. R. Civ. P. 45.06 (adopted eff. 2015)
Minn. R. Civ. P. 4 (MN Revisor of Statutes, official) Minn. R. Civ. P. 45 — UIDDA (MN Revisor of Statutes, official)Unverified: daysToServe (Minnesota commences by service; no fixed post-filing day-count)
Mississippi
verified June 16, 2026Miss. R. Civ. P. 4
UIDDA: Miss. Code Ann. § 11-59-1 et seq. (UIDDA, eff. 2014)
Mississippi Courts — Rules of Civil Procedure (official) Miss. Code Title 11, Chapter 59 (UIDDA) — JustiaUnverified: rule4Url (courts.ms.gov Rules PDF returned a server error on direct fetch; Rule 4(c)/(h) content corroborated via secondary sources)
Missouri
verified June 16, 2026Mo. R. Civ. P. 54 (esp. 54.13 service within the state)
Missouri Supreme Court Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 54 (courts.mo.gov) Missouri process serving rules (ServeNow)Unverified: rule4Url (Missouri courts handbook portal; exact Rule 54 deep link approximate — content cross-checked via ServeNow)
Montana
verified June 16, 2026Mont. R. Civ. P. 4 (Title 25, ch. 20, MCA)
UIDDA: Mont. R. Civ. P. 28(c) (UIDDA), eff. Oct. 1, 2011
Nebraska
verified June 16, 2026Neb. Rev. Stat. 25-505.01 (methods); 25-506.01 (by whom); 25-507 (process server / bond)
UIDDA: Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 25-1285 to 25-1292 (UIDDA, adopted 2017); Neb. Ct. R. Disc. 6-330(A)
Neb. Rev. Stat. 25-505.01 (methods of service) Neb. Rev. Stat. 25-507 (process server; age 21; $15,000 bond) Neb. Rev. Stat. 25-217 (commencement; six-month deadline)Unverified: whoMayServe (Nebraska's non-party server age is 21, captured in licensingNote since the enum only offers '18+')
Nevada
verified June 16, 2026Nev. R. Civ. P. 4 (Process); Rules 4.2–4.4 (methods)
UIDDA: NRS 53.100 to 53.200, inclusive (UIDDA; eff. Oct. 1, 2011)
New Hampshire
verified June 16, 2026N.H. RSA ch. 510 (Service of Writs); N.H. Super. Ct. Civ. R. 4
N.H. RSA ch. 510 Service of Writs (official NH General Court) New Hampshire process-serving rules (ServeNow)Unverified: daysToServe (return-day system; no fixed statewide day-count)
New Jersey
verified June 16, 2026N.J. Ct. R. 4:4-3 (by whom served); 4:4-4 (manner of service)
UIDDA: N.J. Ct. R. 4:11-4 (amended eff. Sept. 1, 2014)
Unverified: rule4Url (njcourts.gov rules landing page; exact R. 4:4 deep-link not directly fetched — rule text cross-checked)
New Mexico
verified June 16, 2026Rule 1-004 NMRA (District Courts — Process)
UIDDA: NMSA 1978, §§ 38-8-1 to 38-8-9 (UIDDA, eff. July 1, 2012), implemented by Rule 1-045.1 NMRA
Rule 1-004 NMRA — NM Supreme Court (official PDF) NMSA Chapter 38, Article 8 — UIDDA codification (Justia)Unverified: daysToServe ('reasonable diligence' standard confirmed via secondary source); uiddaCitation (Article 8 labeling ambiguity between older heading and UIDDA designation)
New York
verified June 16, 2026N.Y. C.P.L.R. § 308 (personal service on a natural person); § 2103(a) (who may serve)
UIDDA: N.Y. C.P.L.R. § 3119
North Carolina
verified June 16, 2026N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1A-1, Rule 4
UIDDA: N.C. Gen. Stat. Chapter 1F (§ 1F-1 et seq.), eff. Dec. 1, 2011
North Dakota
verified June 16, 2026N.D.R.Civ.P. 4
UIDDA: N.D.R.Ct. 5.1 (Interstate Depositions and Discovery), adopted 2013
North Dakota Courts — N.D.R.Civ.P. Rule 4 (official) North Dakota Courts — N.D.R.Ct. Rule 5.1 (UIDDA, official)Unverified: daysToServe (no fixed numeric general deadline; confirmed via secondary source)
Ohio
verified June 16, 2026Ohio Civ. R. 4.1 (methods); Ohio Civ. R. 4 (summons)
UIDDA: Ohio Rev. Code § 2319.09 (eff. Sept. 14, 2016)
Oklahoma
verified June 16, 202612 O.S. § 2004 (Process)
UIDDA: 12 O.S. § 3250 et seq. (UIDDA; eff. Nov. 1, 2021)
12 O.S. § 2004 (Process) — OSCN (judicial branch) 12 O.S. § 158.1 (private process server licensing) — Justia 12 O.S. § 3250 (UIDDA short title) — JustiaUnverified: OSCN/Justia primary pages not fetched directly in-session (timeout/403); § 2004(I) verbatim text corroborated via OK Bar article
Oregon
verified June 16, 2026ORCP 7 (Summons)
UIDDA: ORCP 38 C (foreign depositions and subpoenas; UIDDA-style mechanism)
Unverified: uiddaCitation effective-date detail (ORCP 38 C content primary-verified; effective date from secondary source)
Pennsylvania
verified June 16, 2026Pa.R.C.P. 400 / 401 / 402 (231 Pa. Code Ch. 400)
UIDDA: 42 Pa.C.S. § 5331 et seq. (eff. Dec. 24, 2012)
Rhode Island
verified June 16, 2026R.I. Super. R. Civ. P. 4 (Process)
UIDDA: R.I. Gen. Laws ch. 9-18.1 (UIDDA), enacted July 15, 2019
South Carolina
verified June 16, 2026S.C. R. Civ. P. 4
UIDDA: S.C. Code Ann. § 15-47-100 et seq.
S.C. R. Civ. P. 4 (SC Judicial Branch, official) S.C. Code § 15-47-100 et seq. — UIDDA (SC Statehouse, official)Unverified: daysToServe (no fixed numeric deadline in S.C. R. Civ. P. 4)
South Dakota
verified June 16, 2026SDCL 15-6-4 (Process / Personal service of summons)
UIDDA: SDCL 15-6-28.1 et seq. (Interstate depositions and discovery), eff. July 1, 2012
South Dakota Legislature — SDCL Chapter 15-6 (contains 15-6-4) SDCL 15-6-4(d) Personal service of summons — JustiaUnverified: daysToServe (no fixed numeric general deadline; primary text not directly fetchable, confirmed via secondary)
Tennessee
verified June 16, 2026Tenn. R. Civ. P. 4 (4.01)
UIDDA: Tenn. Code Ann. § 24-9-201 et seq. (eff. July 1, 2008)
Tenn. R. Civ. P. 4.01 (TN Administrative Office of the Courts, official) Tenn. Code Ann. § 24-9-201 (UIDDA, Justia)Unverified: daysToServe (no fixed numeric deadline in Rule 4.01)
Texas
verified June 16, 2026Tex. R. Civ. P. 103 (who may serve); 106 (method); 99 (citation)
UIDDA: Tex. R. Civ. P. 201.3 (adopting UIDDA; eff. Aug. 31, 2025)
Tex. R. Civ. P. (consolidated, eff. Mar. 1, 2026) — txcourts.gov (primary) JBCC Process Server Certification FAQ — txcourts.govUnverified: uiddaCitation (Rule 201.3, eff. Aug. 31 2025 — sourced to law-firm analysis; spot-check the primary rule text)
Utah
verified June 16, 2026Utah R. Civ. P. 4 (Process)
UIDDA: Utah Code Title 78B, Chapter 17 (Utah UIDDA, 78B-17-101 et seq.)
Vermont
verified June 16, 2026Vt. R. Civ. P. 4 (Process)
UIDDA: UIDDA incorporated into V.R.C.P. 45 (Subpoenas), 2011 (no separately numbered statute)
Vermont Judiciary — Rules of Civil Procedure (official) Vermont Rules of Civil Procedure overview (60-day Rule 4(l); UIDDA via VRCP 45)Unverified: rule4Url (Vermont Judiciary rules index; exact Rule 4 deep-link not directly fetched — 60-day and UIDDA confirmed via secondary)
Virginia
verified June 16, 2026Va. Code § 8.01-293 (who may serve); § 8.01-296 (manner of service)
UIDDA: Va. Code § 8.01-412.8 et seq.
Washington
verified June 16, 2026Wash. Super. Ct. Civ. R. 4 (CR 4); RCW 4.28.080 (manner of service)
UIDDA: RCW ch. 5.51 (short title RCW 5.51.900)
West Virginia
verified June 16, 2026W. Va. R. Civ. P. 4
UIDDA: W. Va. Code §§ 56-12-1 et seq. (UIDDA)
West Virginia Judiciary — Rules of Civil Procedure (Rule 4) W. Va. Code § 56-12-1 — UIDDA short titleUnverified: deadlineNote subsection lettering (4(i) vs 4(k) under 2025 amendments; the 120-day value is confirmed)
Wisconsin
verified June 16, 2026Wis. Stat. 801.11 (manner of serving summons); 801.02 (commencement / timing)
UIDDA: Wis. Stat. 887.24 (repealed and recreated to adopt UIDDA, eff. Jan. 1, 2016)
Wyoming
verified June 16, 2026Wyo. R. Civ. P. 4 (Summons)
District of Columbia
verified June 16, 2026D.C. Super. Ct. Civ. R. 4 (Summons)
UIDDA: D.C. Code §§ 13-441 to 13-448 (UIDDA)